107 research outputs found
Layered Cost-Map-Based Traffic Management for Multiple Automated Mobile Robots via a Data Distribution Service
This letter proposes traffic management for multiple automated mobile robots
(AMRs) based on a layered cost map. Multiple AMRs communicate via a data
distribution service (DDS), which is shared by topics in the same DDS domain.
The cost of each layer is manipulated by topics. The traffic management server
in the domain sends or receives topics to each of AMRs. Using the layered cost
map, the new concept of prohibition filter, lane filter, fleet layer, and
region filter are proposed and implemented. The prohibition filter can help a
user set an area that would prohibit an AMR from trespassing. The lane filter
can help set one-way directions based on an angle image. The fleet layer can
help AMRs share their locations via the traffic management server. The region
filter requests for or receives an exclusive area, which can be occupied by
only one AMR, from the traffic management server. All the layers are
experimentally validated with real-world AMRs. Each area can be configured with
user-defined images or text-based parameter files.Comment: 8 pages, 13 figure
Differentiable Display Photometric Stereo
Photometric stereo leverages variations in illumination conditions to
reconstruct per-pixel surface normals. The concept of display photometric
stereo, which employs a conventional monitor as an illumination source, has the
potential to overcome limitations often encountered in bulky and
difficult-to-use conventional setups. In this paper, we introduce
Differentiable Display Photometric Stereo (DDPS), a method designed to achieve
high-fidelity normal reconstruction using an off-the-shelf monitor and camera.
DDPS addresses a critical yet often neglected challenge in photometric stereo:
the optimization of display patterns for enhanced normal reconstruction. We
present a differentiable framework that couples basis-illumination image
formation with a photometric-stereo reconstruction method. This facilitates the
learning of display patterns that leads to high-quality normal reconstruction
through automatic differentiation. Addressing the synthetic-real domain gap
inherent in end-to-end optimization, we propose the use of a real-world
photometric-stereo training dataset composed of 3D-printed objects. Moreover,
to reduce the ill-posed nature of photometric stereo, we exploit the linearly
polarized light emitted from the monitor to optically separate diffuse and
specular reflections in the captured images. We demonstrate that DDPS allows
for learning display patterns optimized for a target configuration and is
robust to initialization. We assess DDPS on 3D-printed objects with
ground-truth normals and diverse real-world objects, validating that DDPS
enables effective photometric-stereo reconstruction
Reliable Decision from Multiple Subtasks through Threshold Optimization: Content Moderation in the Wild
Social media platforms struggle to protect users from harmful content through
content moderation. These platforms have recently leveraged machine learning
models to cope with the vast amount of user-generated content daily. Since
moderation policies vary depending on countries and types of products, it is
common to train and deploy the models per policy. However, this approach is
highly inefficient, especially when the policies change, requiring dataset
re-labeling and model re-training on the shifted data distribution. To
alleviate this cost inefficiency, social media platforms often employ
third-party content moderation services that provide prediction scores of
multiple subtasks, such as predicting the existence of underage personnel, rude
gestures, or weapons, instead of directly providing final moderation decisions.
However, making a reliable automated moderation decision from the prediction
scores of the multiple subtasks for a specific target policy has not been
widely explored yet. In this study, we formulate real-world scenarios of
content moderation and introduce a simple yet effective threshold optimization
method that searches the optimal thresholds of the multiple subtasks to make a
reliable moderation decision in a cost-effective way. Extensive experiments
demonstrate that our approach shows better performance in content moderation
compared to existing threshold optimization methods and heuristics.Comment: WSDM2023 (Oral Presentation
Acousto-optic volumetric gating for reflection-mode deep optical imaging within a scattering medium
The imaging depth of deep-tissue optical microscopy is governed by the
performance of the gating operation that suppresses the multiply scattered
waves obscuring the ballistic waves. Although various gating operations based
on confocal, time-resolved/coherence-gated, and polarization-selective
detections have proven to be effective, each has its own limitation; certain
types of multiply scattered waves can bypass the gating. Here, we propose a
method, volumetric gating, that introduces ultrasound focus to confocal
reflectance imaging to suppress the multiply scattered waves traveling outside
the ultrasonic focal volume. The volumetric gating axially rejects the multiply
scattered wave traveling to a depth shallower than the object plane while
suppressing the deeper penetrating portion that travels across the object plane
outside the transversal extent of the ultrasonic focus of 3090. These joint gating actions along the axial and lateral directions
attenuate the multiply scattered waves by a factor of 1/1000 or smaller,
thereby extending the imaging depth to 12.1 times the scattering mean free path
while maintaining the diffraction-limited resolution of 1.5 m. We
demonstrated an increase in the imaging depth and contrast for internal tissue
imaging of mouse colon and small intestine through their outer walls. We
further developed theoretical and experimental frameworks to characterize the
axial distribution of light trajectories inside scattering media. The
volumetric gating will serve as an important addition to deep-tissue imaging
modalities and a useful tool for studying wave propagation in scattering media.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figure
- …